GSM AND GPS BASED VEHICLE LOCATION AND TRACKING SYSTEM

                                                                          ABSTRACT

A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purpose-designed computer software to

enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use Global

Positioning System (GPS) technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can

be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. In the main they are easy to steal, and the average motorist has very little knowledge of what it is all about. To avoid this kind of steal we are going to implement a system it provides more security to the vehicle. Existing System: In the previous system security lock and alarm is implemented in a car. If a burglar can break open the

lock, then it becomes easy for the burglar to steal the car. And in old security system if the car is stolen then it is out of the owner control. User doesn’t have any awareness about the current location of the vehicle. The Proposed System: The RF transmitter is attached with the vehicle which has its own identification. 

Thisdata will be continuously transmitted to the RF receiver connected to the microcontroller. This GPS will be location the position of vehicle and transmit

that data to the microcontroller. Suppose the RF receiver not receiving signal from the transmitting unit, receiver unit send the signal to the microcontroller, from that we can identify the theft. If the vehicle is theft it automatically sends location of the vehicle to its owner as a SMS through GSM modem. This will be a much simpler and low cost technique compared to others. If a password like SMS

is sent by the owner, it automatically stops the vehicle Keywords: Global Positioning System (GPS), RF receiver and transmitter, operations and maintenance center (OMC) and Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK).

1.INTRODUCTION:

GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle location, mapping and reporting this information value and adds by improving the level of service provided. A GPS-based vehicle tracking system will inform where your vehicle is and where it has been, how long it has been. The system uses geographic position and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. The system has an "On- Board Module" which resides in the vehicle to be tracked and a "Base Station" that monitors data from the various vehicles. The On-Board module consists of GPs receiver, a GSM modem

1.1 Vehicle Tracking System: A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purposedesigned  computer software at least at one operational base to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process from the field and deliver it to the base of operation. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software.Vehicle tracking systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle.

When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an addition to or replacement for a traditional Car alarm. Some vehicle tracking systems make it possible to control vehicle remotely, including block doors or engine in case of emergency. The existence of vehicle tracking device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost.

1.2 GSM Overview: Global System for Mobile

Communications or GSM (originally from Group Spécial Mobile), is the world's most popular standard for mobile telephone systems. The GSM Association estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard.[1] GSM is used by over 1.5 billion people[2] across more than 212 countries and territories.[3] This ubiquity means that subscribers can use their phones throughout the world,enabled by international roaming arrangements between mobile network operators. GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. The GSM standard has been an advantage to both consumers, who may benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones, and also to network operators, who can choose equipment from many GSM equipment vendors.

1.3 GPS Overview: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS project was started in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previou navigation systems, integrating ideas from several predecessors, including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS wa created and realized by the U.S. Department of

Defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994.

2. GSM MODEM:

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular

communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. The working of GSM modem is based on commands, the commands always start with AT (which means ATtention) and finish with a <CR> character. For example, the dialing command is

ATD<number>; ATD3314629080; here the dialing

command ends with semicolon.The AT commands are given to the GSM

modem with the help of PC or controller. The GSMmodem is serially interfaced with the controller withthe help of MAX 232..

2.1 Circuit Diagram:

New approaches:

Neither of these approaches proved to be the

long-term solution as cellular technology needed to be

more efficient. With the experience gained from the

NMT system, showing that it was possible to develop

a system across national boundaries, and with the

political situation in Europe lending itself to

international cooperation it was decided to develop a

new Pan-European System. Furthermore it was

realized that economies of scale would bring

significant benefits. This was the beginnings of the

GSM system. To achieve the basic definition

of a new system a meeting was held in 1982 under the

auspices of the Conference of European Posts and

Telegraphs (CEPT). They formed a study group called

the Groupe Special Mobile ( GSM ) to study and

develop a pan-European public land mobile system.

Several basic criteria that the new cellular technology

would have to meet were set down for the new GSM

system to meet. These included: good subjective

speech quality, low terminal and service cost, support

for international roaming, ability to support handheld

terminals, support for range of new services and

facilities, spectral efficiency, and finally ISDN

compatibility.

With the levels of under-capacity being

projected for the analogue systems, this gave a real

sense of urgency to the GSM development. Although

decisions about the exact nature of the cellular

technology were not taken at an early stage, all parties

involved had been working toward a digital system.

This decision was finally made in February 1987. This

gave a variety of advantages. Greater levels of spectral

efficiency could be gained, and in addition to this the

use of digital circuitry would allow for higher levels of

integration in the circuitry. This in turn would result in

cheaper handsets with more features. Nevertheless

significant hurdles still needed to be overcome. For

example, many of the methods for encoding the

speech within a sufficiently narrow bandwidth needed

to be developed, and this posed a significant risk to the

project. Nevertheless the GSM system had been

started.

Global usage:Originally GSM had been planned as a

European system. However the first indication that the

success of GSM was spreading further a field occurred

when the Australian network provider, Telstra signed

the GSM Memorandum of Understanding.

Frequencies:Originally it had been intended that

GSM would operate on frequencies in the 900 MHz

cellular band. In September 1993, the British operator

Mercury One-to-One launched a network. Termed

DCS 1800 it operated at frequencies in a new 1800

MHz band. By adopting new frequencies new

operators and further competition was introduced into

the market apart from allowing additional spectrum to

be used and further increasing the overall capacity.

This trend was followed in many countries, and soon

the term DCS 1800 was dropped in favour of calling it

GSM as it was purely the same cellular technology but

operating on a different frequency band. In view of the

higher frequency used the distances the signals

travelled was slightly shorter but this was

compensated for by additional base stations.

In the USA as well a portion of spectrum at

1900 MHz was allocated for cellular usage in 1994.

The licensing body, the FCC, did not legislate which

technology should be used, and accordingly this

enabled GSM to gain a foothold in the US market.

This system was known as PCS 1900 (Personal

Communication System)

3.THE GSM NETWORK:

GSM provides recommendations, not

requirements. The GSM specifications define the

functions and interface requirements in detail but do

not address the hardware. The reason for this is to

limit the designers as little as possible but still to make

it possible for the operators to buy equipment from

different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into

three major systems: the switching system (SS), the

base station system (BSS), and the operation and

support system (OSS).

Fig 3.GSM Network Elements

The operations and maintenance center (OMC)

is connected to all equipment in the switching system

and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called

the operation and support system (OSS). The OSS is

the functional entity from which the network operator

monitors and controls the system. The purpose of OSS

is to offer the customer cost-effective support for

centralized, regional, and local operational and

maintenance activities that are required for a GSM

network. An important function of OSS is to provide a

network overview and support the maintenance

activities of different operation and maintenance

organizations.

SPECIFICATIONS AND

CHARACTERISTICS FOR GSM

The specifications and characteristics for GSM

· frequency band—The frequency range specified for

GSM is 1,850 to 1,990 MHz (mobile station to base

station).

· duplex distance—The duplex distance is 80 MHz.

Duplex distance is the distance between the uplink and

downlink frequencies. A channel has two frequencies,

80 MHz apart.

· channel separation—The separation between adjacent

carrier frequencies. In GSM, this is 200 kHz.

· modulation—Modulation is the process of sending a

signal by changing the characteristics of a carrier

frequency. This is done in GSM via Gaussian

minimum shift keying (GMSK).

· transmission rate—GSM is a digital system with

an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps.

·

RESULT

4.1 GSM AND GPS BASED VECHICLE

LOCATION AND TRACKING SYSTEM

Description

Present project is designed using 8051

microcontroller in this Project it is proposed to design

an embedded system which is used for tracking and

positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning

System (GPS) and Global system for mobile

communication (GSM).

In this project AT89S52 microcontroller is

used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals.

The current design is an embedded application, which

will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and

report the status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing

so an AT89S52 microcontroller is interfaced serially

to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem

is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude)

of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem

will continuously give the data i.e. the latitude and

longitude indicating the position of the vehicle. The

GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but

only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed

on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at

the other end from where the position of the vehicle is

demanded. An EEPROM is used to store the mobile

number. The hardware interfaces to microcontroller

are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver.

The design uses RS-232 protocol for serial

communication between the modems and the

microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for

converting TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage

levels.In the main they are easy to steal, and the

average motorist has very little knowledge of what it

is all about. To avoid this kind of steal we are going to

implement this project which provides more security

to the vehicle. When the request by user is sent to the

number at the modem, the system automatically sends

a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of

the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude from this

information we can track our vehicles.

4. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES

4.1. APPLICATIONS

· Stolen vehicle recovery .

· Field sevice management.

· It is used for food delivery and car rental

companies.

4.2 ADVANTAGES:

· It provides more security than other system.

· From the remote place we can access the system.

· By this we can position the vehicle in exact

place.

5.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Vehicle tracking system is becoming

increasingly important in large cities and it is more

secured than other systems. Now a days vehicle

thefting is rapidly increasing , with this we can have a

good control in it.The vehicle can be turned off by

only with a simple SMS.Since, now a days the cost of

the vehicles are increasing they will not step back to

offord it.This setup can be made more interactive by

adding a display to show some basic information

about the vehicle and also add emergency numbers

which can be used in case of emergency.Upgrading

this setup is very easy which makes it open to future

requirements without the need of rebuilding

everything from scratch, which also makes it more

efficient.

APPENDIX: SOURCE CODE

MAIN SOURCE CODE

#include <REGX51.H>

#include"SERIAL.c"

#include"LCD.c"

sbit rf=P2^0;

sbit relay=P0^1;

sbit motor=P0^0;

unsigned char asc,ok[2],r[4],a,n[15],e[15],i,oxoa,

a,m[20],j,temp[10],temp1[10];

void cmdwrt_lcd(unsigned char cmd);

void serial_transmit(unsigned char *srstr);

void command(unsigned char d[]);

void serial_tx(unsigned char srda);

void delay1();

void gps()

{

do

{

do

{

oxoa = serial_rx();

}while(oxoa != 0x0A);

for(i=0;i<4;i++)

{

r[i] = serial_rx();

}

}while(r[3] != 'R');

do

{

a = serial_rx();

}while(a != 'A');

serial_rx();

i = 0;

do

{

n[i] =serial_rx();

i++;

}while(n[i-1] != 'N');

n[i] = '\0';

serial_rx();

i = 0;

do

{

e[i] = serial_rx();

i++;

}while(e[i-1] != 'E');

e[i] = '\0';

i=0;

TI=0;

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x80);

serial_transmit("latitude value:");

serial_transmit(&n[0]);

display_lcd(&n[0]);

serial_tx(',');

serial_tx(0x0a);

cmdwrt_lcd(0xC0);

serial_transmit("longitude value:");

serial_transmit(&e[0]);

display_lcd(&e[0]);

}

void gsm_send()

{

command("AT");

delay1();

command("AT+CMGF=1");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("AT+CMGS=");

serial_transmit("AT+CMGS=");

serial_tx('"');

cmdwrt_lcd(0xC0);

//display_lcd("9940645764");

serial_transmit("9710362655");

serial_tx('"');

serial_tx(0x0d);

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("Vehicle Thefted ");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

serial_transmit("Vehicle Thefted

");

serial_tx(0x0a);

serial_transmit("Current Location:

");

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

gps();

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(650);

serial_tx(0x1A);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

/*ommand("AT");

delay1();

command("AT+CMGF=1");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("AT+CMGS=");

serial_transmit("AT+CMGS=");

serial_tx('"');

cmdwrt_lcd(0xC0);

//display_lcd("9940645764");

serial_transmit("9710362655");

serial_tx('"');

serial_tx(0x0d);

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("Vehicle Thefted ");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

serial_transmit("Vehicle Thefted

");

serial_tx(0x0a);

serial_transmit("Current Location:

");

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

gps();

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(650);

serial_tx(0x1A);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//cmdwrt_lcd(0x01); */

}

void gsm_send1()

{

command("AT");

delay1();

command("AT+CMGF=1");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("AT+CMGS=");

serial_transmit("AT+CMGS=");

serial_tx('"');

cmdwrt_lcd(0xC0);

//display_lcd("9940645764");

serial_transmit("9710362655");

serial_tx('"');

serial_tx(0x0d);

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("Vehicle Thefted ");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

serial_transmit(" Your vehicle

Stopped at ");

serial_tx(0x0a);

serial_transmit("Current Location:

");

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

gps();

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(650);

serial_tx(0x1A);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

/*ommand("AT");

delay1();

command("AT+CMGF=1");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("AT+CMGS=");

serial_transmit("AT+CMGS=");

serial_tx('"');

cmdwrt_lcd(0xC0);

//display_lcd("9940645764");

serial_transmit("9710362655");

serial_tx('"');

serial_tx(0x0d);

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

//display_lcd("Vehicle Thefted ");

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

serial_transmit(" Your vehicle

Stopped at ");

serial_tx(0x0a);

serial_transmit("Current Location:

");

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

gps();

serial_tx(0x0a);

delay(650);

serial_tx(0x1A);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000); */

}

void wait_0x0a()

{

do

{

a=serial_rx();

}while(a!=0x0a);

}

void rec_msg()

{

//receving

message//

unsigned char i=0;

do

{

while(RI==0);

temp[i]=SBUF;

i++;

RI=0;

} while(temp[i-

1]!=0x0A);

}

void check_ok()

{

unsigned char i;

for(i=0;i<=3;i++)

//receving OK//

{

while(RI==0);

temp1[i]=SBUF;

RI=0;

}

}

void command(unsigned char d[])

{

serial_transmit(&d[0]);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x80);

//display_lcd(&d[0]);

serial_tx(0x0d);

wait_0x0a();

check_ok();

temp1[2]='\0';

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

cmdwrt_lcd(0xc0);

//display_lcd(&temp1[0]);

}

void delay1()

{

delay(65000);delay(65000);delay(65000);

}

void gsm_read()

{

command("AT");

delay1();

command("AT+CMGF=1");

delay1();

command("AT+CGSMS=1");

delay1();

command("AT+CMGD=1");

delay1();

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x80);

display_lcd("Waiting for Msg");

for(j=0;j<=15;j++)

{

while(RI==0);

//

receving message no//

m[j]=SBUF;

RI=0;

}

delay1();

cmdwrt_lcd(0xC0);

display_lcd(&m[0]);

delay1();

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x80);

serial_transmit("AT+CMGR=1");

display_lcd("AT+CMGR=1");

serial_tx(0x0d);

wait_0x0a();

wait_0x0a();

wait_0x0a();

rec_msg();

delay1();

temp[4]='\0';

cmdwrt_lcd(0xc0);

display_lcd(&temp[0]);

delay1();

delay1();

if(temp[0]=='S'&&

temp[1]=='t'&&temp[2]=='o'&&temp[3]=='p')

{

motor=0;

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x80);

display_lcd("Vehicle Stopped");

relay=0;

gsm_send1();

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x80);

display_lcd("Vehicle Stopped");

}

}

void main()

{

serial_init();

lcd_init();

P0=0x00;

display_lcd("GSM & GPS

BASED ");

cmdwrt_lcd(0xC0);

display_lcd("VEHICLE

TRACKING");

motor=1;

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

delay(65000);

while(1)

{

if(rf==0)

{

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

display_lcd("

VEHICLE THEFTED");

gsm_send();

relay=1;

gsm_read();

while(rf==0);

}

}

}

LCD CODE

sbit rs = P3^5;

sbit rw = P3^6;

sbit en = P3^7;

void delay(unsigned int dela)

{

unsigned int i;

for(i=0;i<dela;i++);

}

void cmdwrt_lcd(unsigned char cmd)

{

P1 = cmd;

rs = 0;

rw = 0;

en = 1;

delay(15);

en = 0;

delay(150);

}

void datawrt_lcd(unsigned char datas)

{

P1 = datas;

rs = 1;

rw = 0;

en = 1;

delay(15);

en = 0;

delay(150);

}

void display_lcd(unsigned char *lcdstr)

{

while (*lcdstr !='\0')

{

datawrt_lcd(*lcdstr);

lcdstr++;

}

}

void lcd_init()

{

cmdwrt_lcd(0x38);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x0C);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x01);

cmdwrt_lcd(0x80);

}